| Economy |
| GDP growth rate |
2.8% |
| Unemployment rate |
7.1% |
| Inflation rate |
1.7% |
| Agriculture products |
potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry |
| Industries |
among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles |
| Exports |
$1.131 trillion f.o.b. |
| Export commodities |
machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles |
| Export partners |
France 9.7%, US 8.6%, UK 7.3%, Italy 6.7%, Netherlands 6.2%, Belgium 5.5%, Austria 5.5%, Spain 4.7% |
| Imports |
$934 billion f.o.b. |
| Import commodities |
machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals |
| Import partners |
Netherlands 11.7%, France 8.7%, Belgium 7.6%, UK 5.9%, China 5.9%, Italy 5.5%, US 5.1%, Austria 4.3%, Russia 4% |
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