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Bosnia and Herzegovina is situated on the Balkan Peninsula of Southern Europe. The bordering countries are Croatia that lies in the north and southwest, Serbia towards the east, and Montenegro towards the southeast. Bosnia and Herzegovina is basically mountainous, encompassing the central Dynamic Alps. In the south it borders the Adriatic while the northeastern parts reach into the Pannonian basin.
The coastline stretches upto 20 Km around the town of Neum in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. It is surrounded by Croatian peninsulas and we can reach the middle of the Adriatic from Neum. Bosnia has a right of passage to the outer sea, although the city is surrounded by Croatian peninsulas, by United Nations law. Neum has many hotels and is a chief tourism destination.
The name of the country arrives from two regions Bosnia and Herzegovina, the border between this is defined vaguely. Bosnia occupies four fifths of the entire country majorly the northern areas, while Herzegovina occupies the rest in the south part of the country.
Bosnia has Mediterranean climate in the southern region and enjoys a great deal of agriculture. The Central region of Bosnia is the mostly mountainous featuring predominate mountains Vlasic, Ävrsnica, and Prenj. The Eastern region of Bosnia also features mountains like Trebevic, Jahorina, Igman, Bjelasnica and Treskavica. The Olympic Games were held here in 1984.
Summers are hot and cold winters. The areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters and there are mild, rainy winters along coast. The lowest point is the Adriatic Sea and the highest point is Maglic at 2,386 m.
The Natural resources found are coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, forests and hydropower.
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| People |
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The total population is about 4,590,310. The chief ethnic group are Bosniak who comprises 48%, Serb with 37.1%, Croat 14.3% and other 0.6% (2000).The Bosniak had replaced Muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam.
Chief religious beliefs followed by the inhabitants are Muslim with 40%, Orthodox with 31%, Roman Catholic 15% and other 14%. The major languages are Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian.
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| Government |
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The political framework of the country is an emerging federal democratic republic. Chief of state is the Chairman of the Presidency and head of government is Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Council of Ministers are nominated by the council chairman, who are approved by the National House of Representatives.
It is three members of the presidency of which one Bosniak, one Croat and one Serb, they are elected by popular vote for a four-year term. The members are eligible for a second term, but then ineligible for four years. The chairmanship rotates every eight months and resumes where it left off following each national election. Bosnia and Herzegovina is administratively divided into 2 first-order administrative divisions and 1 internationally supervised district which is the Brcko district. Brcko district is in northeastern Bosnia and is an administrative unit under the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina; the district remains under international supervision. The 2 first-order administrative divisions are the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina locally known as the Federacija Bosna i Hercegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska.
Capital City : Sarajevo
Independence : 1 March 1992
Chairman of the Presidency : Haris Silajdzic
Chairman of the Council of Ministers : Nikola Spiric
President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina : Borjana Kristo
Vice Presidents : Spomenka Micic and and Mirsad Kebo
President of the Republika Srpska : Rajko Kusmanovic
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| Economy |
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In the old Yugoslav federation, Bosnia and Herzegovina is ranked next to Macedonia as the poorest republic. Agriculture is a private occupation, farms are small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally is a net importer of food. There has been a notable improvement in the private sector and foreign investment.
45.5% of the population is unemployed and 25% of the population lives under poverty line. The Chief agricultural products are wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables and livestock The major Industrial products are steel, coal, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, wooden furniture, vehicle assembly, textiles, iron ore, tobacco products, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances and oil refining. |
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