| | Australia
Constitutional monarchy is there in Australia. It is constitutional because powers and procedures of Commonwealth governments are written in constitution and monarchy because state is headed by Queen Elizabeth II. In 1901, six independent British colonies agreed to join each other as states of a nation, and thus Commonwealth of Australia came into existence. Since birth of Commonwealth of Australia, federal system of government has been in operation. Under federal system of government, power is distributed between central government and individual states. In the case of Commonwealth of Australia power is distributed between Commonwealth and other six states of the nation. Apart from federal nature of government, constitutional power is distributed between legislative, executive and judiciary. Judiciary consists of high court, whose decision is final and acceptable by all the Commonwealth states at the time of dispute arises between states and Commonwealth or between state and state or among the states.
Although, according to constitution no state has right to trespass others power but there are provisions in the constitution that States can refer any of their powers to the Commonwealth based on the mutual agreement. Constitutional amendment is necessary for the transfer of power from State to Commonwealth. The Commonwealth of Australia is a parliamentary democracy. Parliament is bicameral which consist of the Queen Elizabeth II and the two houses, the Senate and the House of Representative. Each state of Australia has its own constitution, so that Australia has seven sovereign Parliaments.
The number of parliamentarians elected from a particular constituency depends on the density of the population of that constituency. Thus, in the view of density of population, New South Wales has 50seats of the house while Tasmania has five. On the contrary to this, Senate is elected on a basis of equality among the state. All states elect 12 Senator, regardless of population. Further, there are several territories. Apart from the three territories having self-government, all territories are directly governed by Common wealth.
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